|
Internal Bleeding
Internal bleeding should always to be
considered very serious and urgent medical attention is necessary. Internal bleeding
can either be visible or concealed.
Visible bleeding:
Where the results of internal bleeding can be seen.
- Bleeding in the lungs: frothy, bright red
blood coughed up by the casualty.
- Bleeding in the stomach: dark 'coffee
grounds', or red blood, in vomitus.
- Bowel, or intestinal bleeding: dark,
loose, foul smelling stools.
- Anal or vaginal bleeding: usually red
blood, mixed with mucous.
Remember, visible internal bleeding is
referred to this way because the results of the bleeding can be seen.
Concealed bleeding:
Where evidence of bleeding is not obvious.
Concealed bleeding is harder to diagnose
because we can't see it, but if you take a full history from the patient, the patient's
family or bystanders at the scene, you should get a better picture of what injuries might
be hidden from you. Look at the mechanism of injury. This will also indicate where the
patient might be injured. i.e. chest, abdomen or pelvis. Look for clues on the patient's
body, like bruising and tenderness. It's important to remember that some critical
signs and symptoms may not appear until well after the incident has happened. This is due
to the nature and speed of the internal bleed, it can be slow or perfuse. Following the
above information should give you the necessary clues as to whether internal bleeding may
be present. If you are not sure, assume the worst and treat for internal bleeding, always
error on the side of caution.
Signs and Symptoms:
- Pale, cool, clammy skin
- Thirst
- Rapid, weak pulse
- Rapid, shallow breathing
- Abdominal tenderness and/or guarding of
the abdomen
- Pain and/or discomfort
- Nausea and/or vomiting
- Shock.
Treatment:
If conscious, lay the patient down with their legs elevated and bent at the knees (this
will relieve pressure on the abdomen and divert blood to the major organs). Reassure the
patient and get urgent medical attention, call your Doctor and an ambulance. Give nothing
by mouth and treat any obvious injuries. |
