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Menorrhagia - is hysterectomy the answer?

Part III

Ethamsilate reduces the capillary fragility.500 mg 4 times a day starting from 5 days prior to the anticipated start of the period to 10 days after it reduces the menorrhagia by 50%. No major side effects have been reported. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Mefanamic acid 500 mg three times a day taken during meals and given during menstruation for 5-6 days controls menorrhagia in 70% ovulatory cycles, menorrhagia associated with I.U.C.D, and post sterilization menorrhagia.

Anti-fibrinolytic agents: Tranexamicacidepsilon-amino-caproic acid 1-2 gms, 4 times a day for 6-7 days during menstruation has been tried with 50% success. GnRh is used as a last drug when all the others fail. Depot injection 3.6 mg given monthly for 4-6 months is nearly 100% successful. However, it cannot be used beyond 6 months because of the symptoms of hypo estrogens.

Hysteroscopic endometrial ablation:

By Nd: NYG laser, Electrocautery, resection, or roller ball electrocoagulation is a minimally invasive surgery, useful in Perimenopausal women after excluding malignancy.

Contra indications are:

1. Enlarged ut, fibroid uterus
2. Endometrial carcinoma.
3. Young women

Complications:

1.Anaesthetic complications
2. Fluid imbalance with overload
Pulmonary oedema, hypertension, hyponatraemia, anaphylactic reaction with a deaxtran, heamolysis and death.
3. Uterine & bowel, bladder perforation with burns, vaginal fistula.
4. Embolism
5. Infection
6. Heamorrhage
7. Recurrence of menorrhagia - 25% will have recurrence by the end of 3 years.
8. Dysmenorrhoea

RITEA: Radio frequency induced endometrial ablation

It is a new thermal ablation of endometrium at 66 degree Celsius probe inserted transvaginally through cervix is rotated over 360 degree Celsius over 20 minutes. It is a simple technique compared to Hyteroscopic ablation, but one should be careful not to touch the vagina lest vaginal fistula develops in 85%. Perforation of the uterus is another complication. Cure rate is 85%. Balloon therapy is the latest technology. Balloons filled with hot fluids causes superficial burn, and can be performed under local anesthesia.

Conclusion:

 All excessive menstrual bleeding does not warrant hysterectomy as first line of management. If the bleeding has no associated cause like Tuberculosis, Fibroids, Endometriosis, I.U.C.D, post abortal, and post natal can always be managed with medical treatment. Dilatation & Curettage may be indicated in all the cases, primarily as diagnostic and incidentally curative.

(concluded)

For further details contact:

Dr.T.Mangaiyarkarasi .M.D: D.G.O
Sivanandham Clinic,
No. 3, 94th Street, 21st Avenue, 
Ashok Nagar, Chennai 600083.
Phone nos: 4815253 / 4801444.
E-mail id: Sivanu@md3.vsnl.in.net

Published on 22nd October, 2002

Part I

Part II

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