The gut microbiomes of eight tribal populations across India show unique diversity shaped by their traditional diets, distinct from those found in industrialized settings, according to a study published in Gut Microbiomes. The research highlights how diet influences gut health and underscores the need for further exploration of microbial diversity in indigenous communities.
The study focused on 76 healthy adults from eight tribal groups across four regions: Warli (western coast), Madia and Gond (northeastern Deccan plateau), Kabui (northeast India), and Brokpa, Purigpa, Balti, and Boto (trans-Himalayas). Dietary habits varied significantly among the tribes. The trans-Himalayan communities consumed a diet rich in grains and dairy, while others relied on home-brewed alcohol, fish, fruits, greens, and stems.
Analysis revealed that the gut microbiota of the trans-Himalayan population was more diverse, including a distinct strain of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, linked to high dairy consumption. This bacterium is known for improving gut health but should not be seen as a universal marker of health, according to researchers.
The study also found that tribal microbiomes differed significantly from those in industrialized settings like California. Researchers emphasized the importance of preserving these unique microbial communities in biobanks before their diversity diminishes.
The findings led to the creation of the Indian Human Microbiome Initiative, aiming to sample over 3,400 individuals across India. Mojibur Khan, an independent expert, noted that the study used advanced tools, making its data robust. He stressed the need for further research into core microbiomes influenced by geography, climate, and diet.
Ultimately, the study highlights how human evolution, microbial presence, and cultural practices like dairy consumption shape both human and microbial diversity. Preserving these ancient microbes is crucial for future clinical applications and corrective measures.