A study by Kannur University and the University of Geneva has found that monkeys and wild boars are more frequently involved in human-wildlife conflicts in Wayanad than elephants and large carnivores such as tigers.
The research looked at how interactions between people and wild animals affect local communities. Human-wildlife conflict can occur when animals enter farms or residential areas, damage crops and property, or create fear and other difficulties for people living close to forest areas.
Researchers surveyed 998 people from 49 villages across Wayanad. The findings showed that wildlife conflict is a common experience for many residents. Around 84% of those surveyed said they had experienced some form of conflict with wild animals.
Monkeys and wild boars were identified as the animals most frequently associated with these problems. They often enter agricultural areas and damage crops, affecting the livelihoods of farming families. In some cases, wildlife can also cause damage to property or create safety concerns for residents.
The findings challenge the common perception that elephants and big cats are always the main source of human-wildlife conflict. Although encounters with elephants, tigers and other large animals can be serious, the study suggests that smaller animals can create more frequent problems for local communities.
The impact of these encounters also extends beyond physical or financial losses. About 81% of respondents said their experiences with wildlife had contributed to negative feelings toward wildlife conservation.
Researchers say these findings highlight the need to consider the everyday experiences of communities when developing conservation policies. Measures that reduce crop damage and help residents safely manage encounters with wildlife could help reduce tensions.
Wayanad is home to a rich variety of wildlife and forest ecosystems, while many people in the region depend on agriculture and live close to wildlife habitats. Finding ways for communities and wildlife to coexist will therefore remain an important challenge.
The study highlights that addressing human-wildlife conflict requires attention not only to dramatic encounters with large animals but also to the frequent, everyday problems caused by animals such as monkeys and wild boars.